Content or Function Word Pronunciation Practice

You can improve your pronunciation by identifying which words are content words and which words are function words. Content words include main verbs, nouns, adjectives, and adverbs. Function words are necessary for grammar, but do not receive stress in spoken English. Use these exercises to help you learn how to use content and function words to help you with your pronunciation because English is a time-stressed language. In other words, the rhythm and music of English comes from stressing content words. Once youve mastered this exercise, move on to finding focus words to help you further.   Content or Function Word? First, you need to be able to immediately distinguish between content and function words. Write down C for content and F for function.   Example: magazine (C) as (F) many (F) went  with  just  quickly  the  hard  next to  CD ROM  open  had  or  information  in order to  difficult  much  exacting  in front of  Jackhe  however   Answers contentfunctionfunctioncontentfunctioncontentfunctioncontentcontentfunction or content (if helping verb - function / if main verb - content)functioncontentfunctioncontentfunctioncontentfunctioncontentfunctioncontent Content or Function? Stressed or Non-stressed? Next, take a look at the sentences and mark the words that should be stressed. Once you have decided, click on the arrow to see if you have chosen the correct words. Example: Jack (yes) went (yes) to the shop (yes) to grab (yes) some coke (yes). He had finished breakfast before I arrived.  Phillip ordered a huge steak for dinner.  They will have to stay up late if they are going to finish their homework.  It must have been something in the air that caused Jack to shout.  Could you please be more quiet?  Unfortunately, Jack wasnt able to finish on time.  As soon as he has collected the results he will post them to his website.  Peter bought shoes today.There should have been some replies by now.  Knowledge creates opportunities where none have existed before. Answers stressed content words: finished, breakfast, arrived / non-stressed function words: he, had, before, Istressed content words: Phillip, ordered, huge, steak, dinner / non-stressed function words: a, forstressed content words: stay up, late, finish, homework / non-stressed function words: they, will, have to, if, they, are going to, theirstressed content words: something, air, caused, Jack, shout / non-stressed function words: it, must have been, in, the, that, to  stressed content words: please, more, quiet / non-stressed function words: could, you, bestressed content words: unfortunately, Jack, finish, time / non-stressed function words: wasnt able to, onstressed content words: soon, collected, results, post, website / non-stressed function words: as, he, has, the, he, will, them, to, hisstressed content words: Peter, bought, shoes, today / non-stressed function words: 0stressed content words: some, replies, now / non-stressed function words: There should have been, bystressed cont ent words: knowledge, creates, opportunities, none, existed, before / non-stressed function words: where, have Notice how some of the shorter sentences actually have more stressed words than the longer ones (2 compared to 3). These shorter sentences can often take longer to speak than longer sentences with many function words. The Music of English English is a very rhythmic language because of this tendency to accent only certain words. For this reason, you should practice using your ear as much as possible. Often repeating spoken English without looking at the written sentence can also help you learn this music of the language.   Helping Yourself Improve Pronunciation  at Home Finally, practice speaking through the sentences below. First speak the sentence trying to carefully pronounce EVERY word. Notice how unnatural this sounds (as in the listening exercise above showing the contrast between this unnatural pronunciation and the natural way of speaking). Next, focus on speaking the sentences only working on stressing the content words. Tape yourself doing this and you will be surprised at how quickly your pronunciation improves! He drove to work after he had finished working in the garden.Youll find the apples next to the oranges on the shelf over there.Maggie must have been visiting her aunt in Springtown last weekend.Could you pass me the mustard, please?They have been considering buying a new car as soon as they have saved enough money. Teachers can use this lesson plan to help students focus on stress-timed pronunciation in class.

The Importance of Stem Cell Research Essay example

Over the last decade the use of stem cells has been a controversial and heated topic. Debates have exploded over every aspect of stem cell research. It has been speculated by scientists that stem cell research may have the potential to cure harmful diseases or even regrow organs. However some find that the health issues seen in earlier attempts to use stem cell transplants and ethical controversies involved with extracting stem cells, make it very dangerous to further investigate. In actuality the fact remains that the potential cures that may come from stem cell research could prove to be some of the most significant advances in modern medicine to this day. To understand why stem cell research is so valuable it’s vital to know what a†¦show more content†¦This state of pluripotency means that these cells can be used to replace old damaged tissues or help rebuild destroyed parts of the body. However the reason these cells are so controversial regardless of their highly flexible use and compatibility is â€Å" because when scientists remove the inner cell mass, the blastocyst no longer has the potential to become a fully developed human being.(Stem..., 2009) thus meaning the fetus will no longer become a living organism. It is this fact that has raised concerns as to the highly subjective question of whether an embryo is a human being. As has been seen when laws on abortion have been addressed , the question of the rights of an unborn fetus are inherently controversial and complicate the issue of whether stem cell research is something to carry on with or to abandon because of the ethical issues at hand. Keeping in mind abortion is legal, the question of wether or not stem cell research should be legal becomes apparent. If the people in legal guardianship of the aborted fetus give the right for the fetus to be used for stem cell research and advancement of medical science why shouldn’t the stem cell be used for research as opposed to being thrown out? This issue has people divided between whether it was ethical for these stem cells to used aborted fetuses for research. â€Å"Some advocate using only stemShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Stem Cell Research1278 Words   |  6 Pagespaper, there has always been a lot of controversy surrounding stem cell research and the ethically rights researchers have obtaining it, let alone experimenting with it. Therefore, it is no surprise that before RCT with stem cells on humans were approved and accepted, trials were done on mice and rats. While it is not ideal and in no way similar to the effects on humans, experiments done during this phase were useful in viewing how stem cells actually alter and impact osteoarthritic joints. In an experimentRead MoreThe Importance Of Stem Cell Research805 Words   |  4 Pageshereditary altering. In stem cell research, â€Å" An isogenic human iPSC cell line precisely corrected by the CRISPR-Cas9 system was recently constructed, despite t he handling difficulties associated with gene editing of human stem cells† (Kim, â€Å"CRISPR-Cas9: a promising tool for gene editing on induced pluripotent stem cells.†) iPSCs, which are fundamentally the same as embryonic stem cells, are pluripotent cells with a high self-reestablishment rate that can separate into all cell sorts; be that as itRead MoreThe Importance Of Stem Cell Research812 Words   |  4 Pagesscientists has recognized a vital regulator of hematopoiesis, the process of making new blood cells after bone marrow transplants, bone marrow injury, and during systemic infection, creating new blood cells, including immune cells. This regulator is a protein known as the Del-1 (developmental endothelial locus–1). Researchers have deemed that focusing on Del-1 will be an effective way to upgrade stem cell transplants for both donors and recipients. It is also determined that there could be also methodsRead MoreThe Importance of Stem Cell Research Essay1649 Words   |  7 Pagessuch as above kill off important cells that reproduce rapidly to help the body function normally. Well, what alternatives does one have to turn to when the time clock runs out for all cells, resulting in death. Stem cell usage is a second chance given that doesn’t set death as an essential from these fatal diseases. Stem cell research is an unaware issue to society that could possibly be the antidote to saving lives, and to others who are familiar with the research is a controversial issue on howRead MoreEssay on The Importance of Stem Cell Research1060 Words   |  5 Pagesaccomplished through stem cell therapy and cell d ifferentiation. Stem cell therapy is like an intervention, in which new cells are introduced into the body or tissue in order to treat a disease or injury (Haldeman-Englet, Chad). Cell differentiation is the process in which a cell has the potential to become physically/fundamentally and functionally different from one another Also meaning they are pluripotent (Smith, S.E). These special cells have many uses, thus the nickname â€Å"The Golden Cell.† ScientistsRead MoreThe Importance of Stem Cell Research Essay2451 Words   |  10 Pagesto stop taking risks†. Dr. Elias Zerhouni from the National Institute of Health gave this quote during an interview to a reporter in 2007. He was referring to Stem Cell research, a controversial medical issue of today. Louise Brown of Manchester, UK owes her life to scientists and doctors taking risks and exploring the world or Stem Cells. In 1978 she became the first baby to be born via in-vitro fertilization, a process where a womanâ €™s egg is harvested and mixed with male sperm to become fertilizedRead MoreThe Importance of Stem Cell Research Essay examples1503 Words   |  7 Pagesmedical research of scientists improves, new treatments are found that enable people to have a longer lifespan and live healthier. Medical researchers continue to discover new medicines that help people overcome fatal diseases and allow them to achieve a more sustainable life. As scientists research the potential of treatment for diseases, there is a promising future in stem cells that offer a possible treatment for a wide variety of diseases. Scientists discover the capabilities of stem cells throughRead MoreStem Cell Research in America: A Perfect Storm of Ideology, Politics, Science, and Religion1818 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Stem Cell Research in America: A Perfect Storm of Ideology, Politics, Science, and Religion By: Me March 30, 2012 Abstract This paper discusses the recent history of stem cell research in the United States, tracking the controversies, politics, and promise of new technology that comes with a moral price. Starting in August of 2001, with President Bushs request that Stem Cell Research not be paid for with federal funding, the battle of science against religion began. (Rosenburg, 2001) DespiteRead MoreThe Expanding Field of Stem Cell Research744 Words   |  3 PagesStem cell research is one of the most widely expanding areas of scientific research being conducted all over the world today. In basic terms, stem cell research is the research of stem cells; however in actuality is much more complicated. A stem cell is a cell with the ability to develop into any of the cell types that make up the tissues and organs of the body. This makes these cells highly useful and provides limitless potential in the field of regenerative medicine. There are two expansive linesRead MoreResearch Essay : Stem Cell Research961 Words   |  4 PagesBiology Research Essay Erica Ford In recent years, there has been a lot more talk about stem cell research than ever before. The idea of stem cells arose in the 1960 s, with the first successful bone marrow transplant in 1968. Now, stem cell research is a widely known topic in biotechnology and shows a substantial amount of scientific promise. The future of stem cell research and the impact it could have follows with many questions on people s minds, as well the simple curiosity of what

The Perception Of Media During The 20th Century - 1067 Words

â€Å"Right on the shooting line, right on the frontier of change.†- stated by one of the most intelligent, and influential communication theorist of all time, Marshall McLuhan, has advanced and changed the worlds perception of media during the 20th century. â€Å"The medium is the message† is said to be one of the most famous statements in history as it focuses towards the overall idea of media, studying the traits and effects of the senses of an individual. Though he is hailed as an influential figure of the internet age, having understood the power of the internet long before anyone else, many new things have been introduced to the world of media today. Whether it is an app to communicate through the use of images and tweets, or an online movie†¦show more content†¦First, let us touch upon what really is a smartphone, and the evolution of the medium itself. Although the mobile phone has been used for many decades, the smartphone has been one of the most succ essful stories of the last decade with the advancement and complexity. Smartphones are mobile devices that offer not only the basic functions of a phone with having the ability to send a text and communicating through calls, but also being able to perform many advanced functions of a computer. Internet access, high quality camera, exceptional memory, recording devices, geo-positioning systems and more are all included within the smartphones in this day and age. With the creation of simply downloading any app on the smartphone also constructed a dynamic feature for the industry. There is an app out there for just about anything and everything, whether it is for social needs, entertainment needs, or even educational needs. This medium has forced us to adopt this certain culture where we are always connected to our peers, communities and the world. The smartphone has pierced itself into society, snatching a huge number of subscribers from five year-olds learning how to spell and speak with an app, to senior citizens keeping in touch with their family and a safety device in the event of an accident potentially.

Functional Perspective on Group Decision Making - 940 Words

FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON GROUP DECISION MAKING WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON GROUP DECISION-MAKING Functional Perspective on Group Decision-making is a theory developed by Randy Hirokawa and Dennis Gouran. Miller(2011) stated that both of them have an interest in small group communication, so they worked it put and produced this theory. They seek to understand how communication processes contribute to decision making and problem solving in groups. They come to a question, â€Å"Why do some groups make good decisions while others make bad ones?† The theorists assume that the group members of the group who cares about the issue are intelligent, and face a challenging task. They stressed that communication or the term they†¦show more content†¦Without such criteria, it is likely that the decision will be driven by politics rather than reason. 3. Identification of Alternatives Again, according to Griffin(2011), it is the generation of options to sufficiently solve the problem. The group members who set their their goal for the decision needs to think of ways to make and reach their goal as many as possible. 4. Evaluation of Positive and Negative Characteristics Last but not the least, according to Griffin(2011), in this function happens the testing of the relative merits of each option against the criteria selected. The group weighs the benefits and costs of the alternatives they have decided. Hirokawa notes that some group task have positive bias and negative bias. Positive bias is the spotting the favorable characteristics of alternative choices is more important than identifying negative qualities. In this aspect, the members uses easy but reasonable choices in order to meet their goal. Meanwhile, negative bias is the unattractive characteristics of candidates carry more weight that the positive the attributes. This aspect is the other way around, the decisions they have chosen were unattractive, or may call as difficult ones, but this choices weighs more and produces outcomes that reaches their goal compared to their positive attributes. THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATION IN FULFILLING THE FUNCTIONS Communication or theShow MoreRelatedFunctional Perspective On Group Decision Making1259 Words   |  6 PagesFunctional Perspective on Group Decision Making is the communication theory by Randy Hirokawa and Dennis Gouran that focuses on the guidelines that groups of people should take to have an effective communication, to complete the task. Working within a group can become frustrating, coordination can be annoying and gathering people to make a group decision can be difficult to achieve, but Hirokawa and Gouran have set up guidelines to help make the process of reaching these decisions in an easier andRead MoreSmall Group Decision Making And Functional Perspective Theory1843 Words   |  8 Pages Small Group Decision Making and Functional Perspective Theory Randy Hirokawa and Dennis Gouran developed the Functional Perspective on Group Decision Making theory to â€Å"offer practical advice on how participants can act to ensure better group decisions† (Hirokawa, 1999, p. 170). They believe that as long as the members in a group care about the issue and are reasonably intelligent, the group interaction will have a positive effect on the final decision. In order for a group to reach a high-qualityRead MoreDifferent Types Of Work Teams1170 Words   |  5 Pagessimply a group of employees that work together to achieve a common goal. This type of work group can be on either a temporary or a permanent basis depending on the particular task. Usually, when a short-term project ends so does the team formed to achieve it. However, there are instances where specific team scan be formed to be permanent such as a hospital’s steering committee or law enforcement’s task force (Wilson’s Perspective Diary, 2013). Cross-Functional Teams: a cross-functional work teamRead MoreSmall Group Communication : An Effective Communication958 Words   |  4 Pages2015 COMM 2110 Small Group Analysis Paper 1. Small Group Communication The small group communication is an interpersonal communication within groups between thirty to twenty individuals. It is very important to have a quality communication such as information-sharing behavior and helping attitude among the members of group. The positive attitude and productive relationship between the group members help in increasing the performance of group. For quality communication, all the group members are requiredRead MoreDepartment Of Marketing And Entrepreneurship895 Words   |  4 PagesSweety Law Business Communication Department of Marketing Entrepreneurship California State University Eastbay Organization Structure Prepared By Vivek Dandu Content i. Introduction ii. Organization structure iii. Team Management iv. Functional Organization structure v. References Business Research Report I. Introduction: Organization structure is a system of frame work which clearly defines roles and responsibilities of each job for attaining organization goals withRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management1738 Words   |  7 PagesIn a management context, the word ‘strategy’ has now replaced the more traditional term – ‘long-term planning’ – to denote a specific pattern of decisions and actions undertaken by the upper echelon of the organization in order to accomplish performance goals. Wheelen and Hunger (1995, p. 3) define strategic management as ‘that set of managerial decisions and actions that determines the long-run performance of a corporation’. Hill and Jones (2001, p. 4) take a similar view when they define strategyRead MoreOrganizational Communication Is The Flow Of Messages Within A Network Of Interdependent Relationships1187 Words   |  5 Pagesground managing the company. Functional Perspective Theory on Group Decision Making Functional Perspective Theory is a prescriptive approach that describes and predicts group-task performance when four communication functions - problem analysis, goal setting, identification of alternatives, and evaluation of characteristics - are fulfilled. These functions are prioritized through logical progression of the group. There are many obstacles that a group faces in decision making, such as ignorance of issuesRead MoreCreating Cross Functional Teams For A Functional Team904 Words   |  4 PagesChapter Eight: What is the key to creating cross-functional teams in which team members put the good of the team ahead of functional self-interest? A team is a group of individuals who works for the common goal and they contribute to achieve a unique and common objective. Cross-functional teams where members come from different departments and backgrounds to achieve a common unique goal. The cross-functional team requires hand of top management support and commitment, specific goals and incentivesRead More5methods of Departmentalization1216 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Essay Topic â€Å"What five methods have traditionally been used to departmentalize work and worker? Give one advantage and one disadvantage of each. Provide an example of functional departmentalization at your University and using the definitions in your textbook explain why it is suitable example. (Chapter 9)† In any size of the organization or complexity workplace, organizational structures are very important factors that the businesses must have, so the employee will know their position, theirRead MoreDifference Between Personnel Manager and Hr Manager637 Words   |  3 Pagesare many differences between them. Some are listed below: i) Nature of relations: The nature of relations can be seen through two different perspective views which are Pluralist and Unitarist. There is a clear distinct difference between both because the personnel manager, the focus is more on individualistic where individual interest is more than group interest. Here, HR manager through a shared vision between management and staff create a corporate vision and mission which are linked to business

Definition of Assessable Income Free Sample for Students

Questions: 1.Calculate the net income tax payable or refund due to the taxpayer for the 2015/2016 tax year. State the specific taxation rules relevant to the above events to Support your Arguments and Calculations. 2.a) Determine Whether the above events are assessable during the year ending 30 June 2016? Ensure you state the Specific legislation, tax rulings and Case Law to Support your answer. b) Calculate the Amount of tax to be withheld by the Employer due to the termination of her Employment. Answers: 1.Assessable income can be defined as the income, which is earned during the taxation year. Marc bases the existing study on the depiction of the assessable income together with the net income tax payable or refundable during the taxable year of 2015-16. The below stated rules and assumption depicts the tax payable by Marc; Section 6-5 of the ITAA defines that salary received by employer is assessed as ordinary income. Section 83-A defines that 15 day annual leave is included in the assessable income As stated under section 15.2 travelling allowance is included in the assessable As defined under section 15.2, compensation received by the workers for termination of employment due to the injury will be considered for assessment (Miller and Oats 2016). As stated under section 15.32 under the Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 1992, compensation received for loss of hand is exempted income and it is not taken into the considerations while computing tax. The sum received by Marc due to his inability does not falls under the employment termination payment Division 52, of the social security disability support states that disability support is not considered as taxable income. It is necessary for Marc to declare such income as assessable income however while calculating tax it is excluded from the calculation of taxable income (Lang 2014). As stated under section 6.5 Interest from foreign source such as interest received from Bank of America is taken into considerations at time of calculating tax. It is necessary for Marc to declare the entire sum accrued from bank. Tax withholding constitutes the part of resident gross tax deducted by the Bank of America from an Australian occupant and deductible amount will be included in the gross tax of Marc. Marc receives a costly bottle of whisky and cash from his co-worker and the same cannot be considered assessable income as the sum is not so significant. Marc by profession is a fire-fighter and needs a fire fighting gears to discharge his duties during the course of his employment. Section 8.1 defines that the amount incurred for fire fighting gears is considered as deductible expenditure. PayG is considered for deductions as advance tax while paying to employees, these expenditure is generally considered for deductions from the gross sum of tax payable by the taxpayer. Marc assessable income and the net amount refundable is stated below for the taxable year of 2015-16; 2.Jane Nobles income and expenses is laid down below for taxation purpose, which are as follows; Section 83-C defines that if genuine redundancy is below than the amount of tax free components then such amount is not considered for payment however, genuine redundancy is generally considered as taxable income. The amount of genuine redundancy is computed for the tax-free constituent of the taxpayer and it is assessed based on the basic pay and tenure of service of the taxpayer (Reinstein et al. 2016). From the current situation, the basic pay of Jane is not stated in the case study therefore, redundancy receipt can be either considered for tax or may be excluded while computing tax. Section 83-A defines that upon termination of employment annual leave payment is regarded as taxable income. Section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997, defines that monthly rent of business property is regarded for deductions. As Jane does not have to pay monthly rent for first six months hence, it will not be considered as deductible expenses for the year ending 30 June 2016 (Barkoczy 2016). 3.In accordance with the age of Jane, PayG withholding for her genuine redundancy is calculated below, References Barkoczy, S., 2016. Foundations of Taxation Law 2016.OUP Catalogue. Lang, M., 2014.Introduction to the law of double taxation conventions. Linde Verlag GmbH. Miller, A. and Oats, L., 2016.Principles of international taxation. Bloomsbury Publishing. Reinstein, T., Ahlers, A., Arnold, J., O'Leary, J. and Klinzing, M., 2016. Tax Developments in 2016 Part 1: Federal Tax.Tax Executive,68, p.21.

Stem cell reserch Essay Example For Students

Stem cell reserch Essay #65279; Science is moving at such a rapid speed these days, between cloning, gene therapy, miracle drugs, exotic therapies, etc. One of the most significant breakthroughs came in November 1998, when two separate researchers successfully isolated stem cells from human embryos and aborted fetuses. Stem cells are primordial cells of a human organism, which are capable of becoming all or most of the 210 different kinds of tissues in the human body. Stem cells have been defined as not fully differentiated yet to be any particular type of tissue or cell. They range from totipotent, i. e. ( the early stages of the human embryo up to about 4 days after conception.) To pluripotent I.e. (a bit older and therefore only capable of being some cells or tissues in the body.) As in the 5-7 day blastocyst stage of the early embryo, with decreasing capacity in later stages of fetal development and in human beings. The impassioned hopes are that these stem cells can be used to great advantages. The cautious fears are that innocent and vulnerable human beings are destroyed, and needlessly so, in the process. The debates are raging. Many people are confused about what stem cell research really is, and wonder why all the fuss. There are several well documented and well- articulated sources of information available on this issue already, so the following is a brief overview of some of the major scientific, ethical, pros and cons. For centuries humanity has been plagued with numerous diseases, such as the black plague, Cancer, AIDS, and other diseases. These horrific, dreaded diseases have killed millions of people due to doctors or scientists not having a cure, but thanks to a scientific and medical breakthrough these diseases can and will be a thing of the past. With this new research scientists are hoping to gain important scientific knowledge about embryonic development and its application to related fields; curing debilitating diseases, e.g., Parkinsons, Alzheimers, diabetes, stroke, spinal cord injuries, bone diseases, etc.; and screening drugs for pharmaceutical companies, instead of having to rely on animal models. In order to continue with these medical and scientific breakthroughs you have to accept the right-to-life argument in its most extreme form. Im talking about newly formed embryos. These are not fetuses with tiny little waving hands and feet. These are microscopic groupings of a few differentiated cells. There is nothing human about them, except potential, and only if you choose to believe it, a soul. However, Bush is blocking, stem cell research would not actually take the life of a single embryo. Researchers would only use embryos that are being discarded anyway. 1 I understand that some people and pro lifers say that stem cell research is murder. But I strongly fell that it is ethically acceptable even morally required to destroy a few human beings in order to possibly benefit millions of patients. Besides, these cells do not cause the same immuno-incompatibility problems after transplantation as do adult stem cells from different patients. Further, these early cells from human embryos and fetuses are MORE totipotent and pluripotent than adult stem cells, and therefore they can be coaxed to become more different kinds of tissues, and can last longer in culture awaiting use. Besides, these fetuses and left- over IVF-produced human embryos are going to die anyway, so we might as well get some good use out of them.1 Researchers believe that stem cells can mimic the actions and activities of nearly every other cell in the body. Eventually, scientists hope to use them to repair damaged hearts after heart attacks, regenerate livers devastated by cirrhosis or viral disease, reconstruct damaged joints, or seed the brain with fresh neurons to reverse the effects of Parkinsons and Lou Gehrigs disease, according to the November issue of Technology Review, a research magazine published by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, or MIT. 2 Now for every good there is a bad, and with all this technology there has to be a negative side, after all everything with medication and medical research has its side effects, and thousands of people in the world feel that stem cell research is morally and ethically wrong regardless of what stem cell research promises, as well as all the side effects that come along with stem cell research. Here are just some of the side effects or things that are wrong or unethical. First, one minor complication is that use of human embryonic stem cells requires lifelong use of drugs to .